-(으)므로
because, since (formal written)
ระดับ 4 · คำเชื่อมประโยค
คำอธิบาย
Gives a reason in formal writing, official documents and essays. Vowel or ㄹ stems take 므로, consonant stems 으므로; past -았/었으므로; nouns (이)므로. Rare in speech.
ตัวอย่าง
이 지역은 위험하므로 출입을 금지한다.
Entry is prohibited because this area is dangerous.
기한이 지났으므로 신청할 수 없습니다.
The deadline has passed, so you cannot apply.
운동은 스트레스를 줄여 주므로 정신 건강에도 좋다.
Exercise reduces stress, so it is good for mental health too.
ข้อสังเกต TOPIK
TOPIK II Reading 28–38 and Writing 54 (argumentative essay).