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-(으)므로

because, since (formal written)

Level 4 · Penghubung

Penjelasan

Gives a reason in formal writing, official documents and essays. Vowel or ㄹ stems take 므로, consonant stems 으므로; past -았/었으므로; nouns (이)므로. Rare in speech.

Contoh

  • 이 지역은 위험하므로 출입을 금지한다.

    Entry is prohibited because this area is dangerous.

  • 기한이 지났으므로 신청할 수 없습니다.

    The deadline has passed, so you cannot apply.

  • 운동은 스트레스를 줄여 주므로 정신 건강에도 좋다.

    Exercise reduces stress, so it is good for mental health too.

Catatan TOPIK

TOPIK II Reading 28–38 and Writing 54 (argumentative essay).

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