-(으)ㅁ에도 불구하고 / N에도 불구하고
despite, in spite of
ระดับ 6 · คำเชื่อมประโยค
คำอธิบาย
The result goes against what the first clause suggests; formal style. Uses the nominaliser -(으)ㅁ: ㅁ에도 after a vowel or ㄹ, 음에도 after a consonant; past -았/었음에도; nouns take 에도 불구하고.
ตัวอย่าง
많은 노력을 했음에도 불구하고 결과는 좋지 않았다.
Despite great effort, the results were poor.
악천후에도 불구하고 많은 관중이 모였다.
In spite of the bad weather, a large crowd gathered.
그는 나이가 많음에도 불구하고 매일 운동을 한다.
Despite his age, he exercises every day.
ข้อสังเกต TOPIK
TOPIK II Reading 25–27, 32–38; Writing 53–54.