-는데 / -(으)ㄴ데
and/but (background), so
ระดับ 2 · คำเชื่อมประโยค
คำอธิบาย
Sets the background before the main point, or makes a soft contrast. Verbs and 있다/없다 take 는데; adjectives take ㄴ데 (vowel) or 은데 (consonant); nouns take 인데; past -았/었는데.
ตัวอย่าง
배가 고픈데 같이 밥 먹을래요?
I'm hungry. Do you want to eat together?
열심히 공부했는데 시험을 못 봤어요.
I studied hard, but I did badly on the exam.
내일 친구 생일인데 선물을 아직 못 샀어요.
Tomorrow is my friend's birthday, and I haven't bought a gift yet.
ข้อสังเกต TOPIK
Very common in TOPIK I Reading 34–39, TOPIK II Reading 1–2 and Writing 51.