-(으)ㅁ으로써
by (doing), through
Level 6 · Penghubung
Penjelasan
Marks the means by which the result is reached; formal writing. Vowel or ㄹ stems take ㅁ으로써, consonant stems 음으로써. Not -(으)므로 (reason): 노력함으로써 (by trying) ≠ 노력하므로 (because one tries).
Contoh
대중교통을 이용함으로써 탄소 배출을 줄일 수 있다.
We can cut carbon emissions by using public transport.
꾸준히 독서함으로써 어휘력을 키웠다.
I built my vocabulary by reading regularly.
서로의 의견을 들음으로써 갈등을 해결했다.
They resolved the conflict by listening to each other.
Catatan TOPIK
TOPIK II Writing 52 and 54; Reading 28–31, 44–45.