V-는 + N
present verb modifier
ระดับ 2 · คำขยาย
คำอธิบาย
Turns a verb into a present-tense modifier (doing, usually does). Attaches to verb stems and 있다/없다; ㄹ drops (살다 → 사는).
ตัวอย่าง
제가 좋아하는 음식은 불고기예요.
The food I like is bulgogi.
저기 서 있는 사람이 누구예요?
Who is the person standing over there?
서울에 사는 친구가 있어요.
I have a friend who lives in Seoul.
ข้อสังเกต TOPIK
In most TOPIK I Reading 43–70 texts; essential for parsing long sentences.